Pharma Guide Pdf 2012 Free Download

Acute coronary syndromes arise from coronary atherosclerosis with superimposed thrombosis. Since factor Xa plays a central role in thrombosis, the inhibition of. Oct 12, 2017. Pharma Guide Pdf 2012 Free Download. What Is Thieves Essential Oil: What Big Pharma Doesn't Want You To Know About This Ancient Oil Invented By Four Robbers. Download the Bulletproof Diet Roadmap. This one-page guide will help you navigate all aspects of the Bulletproof Diet on a single page. The pharmaceutical industry discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as medications. Pharmaceutical companies.

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Original Article Rivaroxaban in Patients with a Recent Acute Coronary Syndrome Jessica L. Mega, M.D., M.P.H., Eugene Braunwald, M.D., Stephen D. Wiviott, M.D., Jean-Pierre Bassand, M.D., Deepak L.

Bhatt, M.D., M.P.H., Christoph Bode, M.D., Paul Burton, M.D., Ph.D., Marc Cohen, M.D., Nancy Cook-Bruns, M.D., Keith A.A. Fox, M.B., Ch.B., Shinya Goto, M.D., Sabina A. Murphy, M.P.H., Alexei N. Plotnikov, M.D., David Schneider, M.D., Xiang Sun, Ph.D., Freek W.A. Verheugt, M.D., and C. Michael Gibson, M.D., for the ATLAS ACS 2–TIMI 51 Investigators N Engl J Med 2012; 366:9-19 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1112277 open through January 11, 2012. Results Rivaroxaban significantly reduced the primary efficacy end point, as compared with placebo, with respective rates of 8.9% and 10.7% (hazard ratio in the rivaroxaban group, 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74 to 0.96; P=0.008), with significant improvement for both the twice-daily 2.5-mg dose (9.1% vs.

10.7%, P=0.02) and the twice-daily 5-mg dose (8.8% vs. 10.7%, P=0.03). Download Lagu Jujur Aku Tak Sanggup Aku Tak Mampu. The twice-daily 2.5-mg dose of rivaroxaban reduced the rates of death from cardiovascular causes (2.7% vs. 4.1%, P=0.002) and from any cause (2.9% vs. 4.5%, P=0.002), a survival benefit that was not seen with the twice-daily 5-mg dose. As compared with placebo, rivaroxaban increased the rates of major bleeding not related to coronary-artery bypass grafting (2.1% vs.

Figure 2 Risks of the Primary Efficacy End Point, According to Major Subgroup. The primary efficacy end point consists of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke.

Among the patients who had a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, 198 received aspirin only and 217 received aspirin and a thienopyridine. The latter was a deviation from the study protocol. NSTEMI denotes non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and TIA transient ischemic attack. After an acute coronary syndrome, patients remain at risk for recurrent cardiovascular events despite standard medical therapy, including long-term antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and an adenosine diphosphate–receptor inhibitor. This risk may be related in part to excess thrombin generation that persists beyond the acute presentation in such patients. As a result, there has been interest in evaluating the role of oral anticoagulants after an acute coronary syndrome.

Improved cardiovascular outcomes were reported for patients who were treated with the anticoagulant warfarin in addition to aspirin. C5 Projector Headlights Install more. However, widespread use of long-term warfarin in such patients has been limited by challenges associated with drug administration and the risk of bleeding.

Likewise, treatment with the factor IIa inhibitor ximelagatran after a myocardial infarction showed cardiovascular benefits, but the drug was associated with hepatotoxicity. Rivaroxaban is an oral anticoagulant that directly and selectively inhibits factor Xa.

Factor Xa initiates the final common pathway of the coagulation cascade and results in the formation of thrombin, which catalyzes additional coagulation-related reactions and promotes platelet activation. Anti-Xa Therapy to Lower Cardiovascular Events in Addition to Standard Therapy in Subjects with Acute Coronary Syndrome–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 46 (ATLAS ACS–TIMI 46; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00402597) was a phase 2 dose-finding trial that enrolled 3491 patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. Rivaroxaban was tested at total daily doses ranging from 5 to 20 mg and, as compared with placebo, reduced the composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke with the lowest hazard ratios seen at the lowest twice-daily doses, whereas there was a dose-dependent increase in bleeding events. On the basis of these observations, we designed a phase 3 trial, called ATLAS ACS 2–TIMI 51, to evaluate twice-daily rivaroxaban at doses of 2.5 mg and 5 mg as adjunctive therapy in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome, with the aim of determining a clinically effective low-dose regimen.